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Avignon ((:a.viˈɲɔ̃)) is a commune in south-eastern France in the department of Vaucluse on the left bank of the Rhône river. Of the 90,194 inhabitants of the city (as of 2011), about 12,000 live in the ancient town centre enclosed by its medieval ramparts. Between 1309 and 1377 during the Avignon Papacy, seven successive popes resided in Avignon and in 1348 Pope Clement VI bought the town from Joanna I of Naples. Papal control persisted until 1791 when, during the French Revolution, it became part of France. The town is now the capital of the Vaucluse department and one of the few French cities to have preserved its ramparts. The historic centre, which includes the Palais des Papes, the cathedral, and the Pont d'Avignon, became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1995. The medieval monuments and the annual Festival d'Avignon have helped to make the town a major centre for tourism. The commune has been awarded one flower by the ''National Council of Towns and Villages in Bloom'' in the ''Competition of cities and villages in Bloom''.〔(Avignon in the Competition for Towns and Villages in Bloom ) 〕 ==Toponymy== The earliest forms of the name were reported by the Greeks: *Аὐενιὼν = ''Auenion'' (Stephen of Byzantium, Strabo, IV, 1, 11) *Άουεννίων = ''Aouennion'' (Ptolemy II, x). The Roman name ''Avennĭo Cavarum'' (Mela, II, 575, Pliny III, 36), i.e. "Avignon of Cavares" accurately shows that Avignon was one of the three cities of the Celtic-Ligurian tribe of ''Cavares'', along with ''Cavaillon'' and ''Orange''. The current name dates to a pre-Indo-European or pre-Latin theme ''ab-ên'' with the suffix ''-i-ōn(e)'' This theme would be a hydronym - i.e. a name linked to the river (Rhône), but perhaps also an oronym of terrain (the ''Rocher des Doms''). The ''Auenion'' of the 1st century BC was Latinized to ''Avennĭo'' (or ''Avēnĭo''), ''-ōnis'' in the 1st century and was written ''Avinhon'' in classic Occitan spelling〔Robert Bourret, ''French-Occitan Dictionary'', Éd. Lacour, Nîmes, 1999, p. 59. 〕 or ''Avignoun'' () in Mistralian spelling The inhabitants of the commune are called ''avinhonencs'' or ''avignounen'' in both Occitan and Provençal dialect. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Avignon」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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